By Narain Gehani, H. V. Jagadish, O. Shmueli (auth.), Nabil R. Adam, Bharat K. Bhargava (eds.)
Database administration is attracting large curiosity in either educational and business contexts. New program components reminiscent of CAD/CAM, geographic details structures, and multimedia are rising. the desires of those program parts are way more advanced than these of traditional enterprise purposes. the aim of this e-book is to collect a suite of present examine concerns that addresses a extensive spectrum of subject matters relating to database structures and purposes. The booklet is split into 4 components: - object-oriented databases, - temporal/historical database structures, - question processing in database platforms, - heterogeneity, interoperability, open approach architectures, multimedia database systems.
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When a user calls a function, the appropriate proxy is executed in place of the original function. Therefore, the result of a function may change depending on the user calling it. Proxy functions have the advantage of allowing to enforce constraints on function execution by users without any impact on the function implementation. 3. 1 Modeling Multilevel Entities as Single-level Objects In the message filter model, all objects are single-level in that a unique classification is associated with the entire object.
For example, consider the class Documents having as attributes date and status. Suppose then that subject Employee has to be authorized at the same time for both the positive authorization to read all documents with date later than "March 3, 1992" and the negative authorization to read all objects with status "protected". If no object exist with status protected and date later than "March 3,1992", the authorization state is consistent. However, since attribute values can change and new objects can be added authorizations may become inconsistent.
Since users cannot be authorized to call directly function "Salary", the authorization to be specified on function "Self_Salary" is a static one. However, the application of derived function to enforce content-dependent authorizations has the drawback of embedding authorizations in the function implementation, therefore a change of authorizations would imply a change in the implementation of some derived function. The authorization model takes also into consideration the characteristic of polymorphism of object-oriented systems.